Wednesday, November 12, 2008
Copper-to-Gold Penny Lab
In the laboratory completed in class, you created an alloy called brass. Research alloys on the internet, and then answer the following questions:
1. There is an alloy called "Nitinol", which is very unique. Describe why this alloy is unique.
2. Find a video online that demonstrates "Nitinol" being used. List the url (http://) address of the video.
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
4. What alloy is a combination of COPPER and TIN?
5. What are the names of TWO other commo used alloys, and what are their uses?
Research Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then answer the following questions:
6. List 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
7. Describe in your OWN words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide. A good source is here: (http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
Write your response, and then post it as a COMMENT to THIS post. Please note, your ability to view other student's responses has been blocked for this assignment.
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84 comments:
1.Nitinol is very unique because it is a shaped memory alloy. So it contracts with heat, and expans to up to 100 times.
2.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3.Stainless steel with 12% chromium is ferretic or martensiic. To be stainless steel there needs to be at least 10% chromium and 12% is a very soft stainless steel. Which is what martensic and ferretic are.
4.The combination of copper and tin forms an alloy of bronze.
5.Nitinol which is used for making long wires, golf clubs, and for dental floss.
Pewter which is used for glass making,plates, dishes, table wear, and silver plated objects.
6.used in paper making
soap production
food preparation
illegal drugs
paint stripper.
7.Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are burning skin, blindness, cloudeness of eyes, severe pain of throat, burning parts of the inner body, and skin wearing out.
1. Nitinol is unique because it can be made into many different things. For example it can be made into brackets and wires used in dentistry.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. A stainless steel that has 12% chromium would be in the group called Martensitic. I found out because Martensitic has corrosion resistant same as a stainless steel that has 12% chromium.
4. The combination of copper and tin is called a Tin-bronze.
5. The first alloy that is commonly used is called Monel. It is used in musical instruments and marine applications. The second most common alloy is called Nickel sliver; it is used in zippers and costume jewelry.
6. 1). Gold pennies experiment
2). Soap production
3). Paper making
4). Illegal drugs
5). Food preparation
7. Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are that if it comes into contact with human skin then it might cause severe burns leaving a permanent scar. If you eat sodium hydroxide then severe pains will occur, burning of the mouth, and you will vomit.
1.Some properties that make nitinol unique are its shape memory effect and its super elasticity. A Shape memory effect is the ability of an alloy to remember and be able to go back to its shape after being changed or deformed into another shape. Super elasticity is the ability of an alloy to stretch and bend easily. It is also unique because it has two reverse crystal phases in its solid state. Meaning, when it’s solid, it can be two different things interchangeably.
2.A video that shows how nitinol can go back to its original shape after being deformed can be viewed at the following link: http://www.instructables.com/id/Muscle-Wire-Nitinol-Electrocuted/ In this video, a man stretches a nitinol spring out but when he attaches a battery to it which applies heat, the wire shrinks back into its original shape.
3.When stainless steel has more chromium, it falls under the Austenitic category. I know this because after researching all three categories on the internet, I discovered that the Austenitic stainless steel has high nickel and chromium contents, where as Martensitic has high carbon contents, and Ferritic has high iron contents.
4.The alloy bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5.Two other commonly used alloys are brass and steel. Brass is made up of copper and zinc and is used in decorations, locks, gears, valves in the plumbing, and musical instruments. Steel is used in tools, cars, buildings, and other highly used appliances.
6.Five uses of sodium hydroxide are; in the making of paper, making of aluminum, soaps, and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is also used in sodium hypochlorite which is used in chlorine.
7.Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are; lung disease, burns on the skin, and irritated eyes. If sodium hydroxide is inhaled, it could cause someone to have difficult time breathing and they would be dizzy. If skin is exposed to it, the victim could receive serious burns and blisters. If it get’s in a person’s eye, the eye could be irritated or have burns on it. No one has swallowed it so it’s not really clear what would happen if digested.
-Rachael M 11/13/08 Science Blog Period A
1)Nitinol is very unique because it is used for implants
2)http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
This video shows how nitinol can bend in wires but mainly it shows it can be used as springs.
3)Martensitic
4)Bronze
5)Titanium and Magnesium
Titanium is used in Tennis Raquets
Magnesium is used in fir starters
6)
1. To make soap
2. To make Paper
3. Peeling Fruits
4. A paint stripper
5. For cleasing Agents
7)Sodium Hydroxide may be very dangerous because, when it touches any part of a human body it will burn and it can make you go blind if it makes contact with your eyes.
Terence
1. Nitinol is unique because it can restore the shape of it's original shape (Shape Memory and Superelasticity)
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nnNBVmfHpM
3. Martensitic because it is built around 12% chromium, making it very hard
4. Pewter
5. Brass is used for instruments and steel is mainly used for building houses kitchen devices and small furniture.
6. 5 uses for sodium hydroxide are silver and gold refining, cleaning stainless steel, cleaning agent, and soap crafting.
7. Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are that it can cause severe chemical and heat burns depending on how strong it is. It can also blind you if it gets in your eyes and can cause cancer of the esophogus if ingested.
1. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium) is a shape memory alloy, or in other words, an alloy that can return to its original shape after being deformd by heating it. Nitinol is also superelastic, able to return to it's original shape after a load is tooken off.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. Stainless steel with 12% chromium would be classified in the Martensitic category. Martensitic stainless steel is usually used as knives, blades, and other equipment.
4. The alloy made from copper and tin is bronze.
5. Brass us a common alloy used to coat certain instruments, as well as locks and doorknobs. Pewter, an alloy made up of mostly tin, as well as copper and antimony, was used in medieval times as tableware, tankards, pots and bowls, and others."Today, pewter is mainly used in" objects like figurines, pendants, and replica coins.
""(wikipedia.com)
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used as a paint stripper, a soap maker, used in paper making, in preparing foods, as a protein that composes hair, and as a cleaner in breweries.
7. Sodium Hydroxide can cause chemical burning if stuck onto the skin, and also can cause blindness if got onto the eyes. Breathing Sodium Hydroxide can cause permenant lung diseases, and if swallowed, has the possibibilit to kill.
Hughbo (A)
7.
Charlotte LaPlante
1. Nitinol is a unique alloy made up of nickel and titanium. The reason that it is so unique is its ability to exist in several different phases.
2.www.metacafe.com
3.
4.Bronze is the alloy made up of copper and tin.
5.Brass is an alloy made of copper and zinc. This is used for certain instruments. Another common alloy is called Ferromanganese. It is used as a deoxidizer for steel.
6.Sodium is used mostly as a chemical base in the making of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents.
7.A danger of Sodium Hydroxide is its violent reaction with acid.
1. Nitinol is very unique because when you put distorted nitinol into water or burn it, it will change into the shape it was before, it is called "shape memory alloy". Also if you are making things with nitinol, then it would do the same thing if you burn it or put it into water.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. Stainless steel that contains 12% chromium belongs to the category Martensitic. It is because martensitic stainless steel has a chromium content range of 10% to 18%. It is corrosive resistant.
4. Copper-Tin alloy is also known as Bronze.
5. One of the commonly used alloy is brass. Brass is use for gears, bearings, plumbing, and use for making musical instrement. Another alloy is bronze. It is use for musical instrement, tools, weapons, and armors.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of paper, testile, soap, and detergents. It also use in chemical analysis and food preparation.
7. When sodium hydroxide is inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs. When it is incontact to the skin, it can burn the skin badly. It can also make eyes blind.
1. Nitinol is very unique because when you put distorted nitinol into water or burn it, it will change into the shape it was before, it is called "shape memory alloy". Also if you are making things with nitinol, then it would do the same thing if you burn it or put it into water.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. Stainless steel that contains 12% chromium belongs to the category Martensitic. It is because martensitic stainless steel has a chromium content range of 10% to 18%. It is corrosive resistant.
4. Copper-Tin alloy is also known as Bronze.
5. One of the commonly used alloy is brass. Brass is use for gears, bearings, plumbing, and use for making musical instrement. Another alloy is bronze. It is use for musical instrement, tools, weapons, and armors.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of paper, testile, soap, and detergents. It also use in chemical analysis and food preparation.
7. When sodium hydroxide is inhaled, it can cause damage to the lungs. When it is incontact to the skin, it can burn the skin badly. It can also make eyes blind.
1. The alloy Nitinol is unique because it has super elasticity properties. Nitinol is also a shape memory alloy. When an alloy is super elastic it is able to stand a small amount of change when a load is given. If the load is removed the alloy returns to its original shape.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. Stainless steel would be in the category Ferritic. This is because when the alloy stainless steel contains 10.56%-27% of chromium, it is said that it is in the Ferritic category.
4. The alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is Bronze.
5. Brass which is a combination between copper and zinc is used for many instruments such as trumpets, trombones, tubas and more.
Another alloy which is commonly used is Bronze. Bronze is a combination between copper and tin. Bronze is used in bells, recently is has been used in saxophones. Bronze is also used in cymbals.
6. Here are some uses of Sodium Hydroxide.
- Paint Stripper
- Paper Making:
bleaching the brown pulp
- Food:
washing or chemical peeling of fruits and vegetables
Soft drink production
-Tissue Digestion:
criminals and serial killers use it to dispose the victim’s body
-Illegal Drugs:
not used as a ingredient but used in the process of making Methamphetamine, Dimethyltryptamine, and other drugs.
7. Sodium Hydroxide can make your eyes go blind by clouding the eye tissue. If you were to accidently swallow Sodium Hydroxide it would cause vomiting, severe pain, burning in the mouth and others. If you have had an accident with Sodium Hydroxide it is possible to get cancer after 12-42years after the incident.
David L.
1. Nitinol is an unique alloy. because, it is superelastic, which means it is able to stand a small amount of bent when a load is applied and return to its original shape when the load is removed.(like a spring)
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040733/short_circuiting_of_nitinol/
3. Not Austenitic and Duplex. Because they both requier a minimum of 15% of chromium. So it could be both ferritic (12% to 18%) or Martensitic (11% to 17%).
4. Bronze
5. Steel and Brass. Steel is used for buildings and brass is used to make brass instruments.
6.Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soaps, rayon,paper, and in homes as drain cleaners and oven cleaners.
7.If sodium hydroxide goes into your eyes, in severe cases it cna make you blind. Also when it enters your digestive system (if you eat it.) there is a posibility of death.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4&feature=related
Nitinol which is an alloy called Nickel titanium NiTi, is unique in many ways, one exapmle is that it can under go 'shape memory alloy changes' since NiTi has has a crystal structure arranges in atoms, it can go a chang from one crystal stucture to another, depending on the temperature.
If the stainless steel had 12% chromium, it would be the Martensitic stainless steel, because only that much amount (along with a few other elements) can be used to make the steel extremely strong, but is not corrosion resistant.
Bronze is the alloy of copper and tin.
Nickel silver, is one type of alloy, used in jewlery, zippers and and musical instruments.
Solder an alloy of lead and tin, used for melting to join together metal sufaces like pipes and electronics.
5 uses of Sodium hydroxide:
paint stripper
Gold pennies experiment
Soap
paper
Food preparation
Sodium Hydroxide in some ways. In concentrated amounts, it can leave permanant skin damage, also if you breathe in the alloy, it can leave behind severe lung damage.
Moses L.
Nitinol is unique because it is like an elastic band, it can withstnd deformation and return to its origonal shape .website:http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&NR=1
The combination of copper and tin is pewter.
sodium hydroxide is used for pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents.
Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are, it can burn your skin,if it gets in your eyes it will blind you and alsoit could rip wholesin your skin.
Selena
1. Nitinol is an alloy that has elasticity, but will lose its elasticity in temperature room , causing it to return to its original shape.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. Martensitic or Ferritic, for those are classifications of stainless steel with a chromium range of 11%-17%
4. Bronze
5. Brass is an alloy made of Zinc and Copper, used in coins, decorations, and instruments. Sterling Silver a combination of Silver and Copper works as silver but due to copper it is stronger. It is used in Medical and Musical instruments.
6. Sodium Hydroxide can be used in the following ways:
- Strip paint off wood
- Create 'Gold Pennies'
- Soap
- Making Paper
- Illegal Drugs
7. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide can cause chemical burns, permanent scarring or blindness.
1. Nitinol is a alloy made up of nickel and titanium. Nitinol is an alloy that remembers its former shape, and can be returned to that shape after its shape has been changed. It can return to its former shape by applying heat to the alloy.
It is used a lot in orthodontics.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=tKuxpDF3UuU
3. Stainless steel with 12% Chromium is in the group of Martensitic. I know this because 2 websites have told me the same information.
4.Pewter
5. Duraluminium: It is an alloy made up of Aluminium and Copper. It is very strong so it is used in aircraft engines, under sea ships and car engines.
Steel: It is made up of Iron and Carbon. It is used for making nails, screws, and even railway lines.
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used as a
Paint stripper
Refining of Alumina
Used in Soaps
Biodiesel
Paper Making
7. Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide is that it is extremely corrosive. If it is to come in contact with your skin it will eat away your skin until it is removed as well as burn you. It may also leave permanent scars on your skin.
If it also comes into contact with your eyes it may render you blind or it just may scar,eat away at your eyes and leave your vision cloudy.
If you are to swallow sodium hydroxide it may severely burn and maybe eat away part of your esophagus.
1) Nitinol is a unique alloy because when it is cool it becomes deformed and when warm it returns back to its form
2)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3) It gos under Martensitic by looking it up on google :D
4) Copper and Tin form an alloy called Bronze
5)2 other common alloys are Stainless Steal and Brass
6)Soap Production, Paper Making, Bio diesel, Food Washing, and Aluminum Etching.
7)Sodium Hydroxide is very dangerous and burn your skin like FIRE!
1. Nitinol is a shape memory alloy that is made with approximately 50% nickel and 50% titanium. One of its unique characteristics is that the material, if deformed while cool, returns to its undeformed shape when warmed. Also nitinol is able to withstand a small amount of deformation when a load is applied and return to its original shape when the load is removed.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk
3. Stainless steel with 12% of chromium can be in group Martensitic because Martensitic steels are low carbon steels built around the Type 410 composition of iron, 12% chromium, and 0.12% carbon. Other groups such as, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex has different amounts of iron, chromium, and carbon.
4. The bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Stainless steel is used for many different ways such as, washing machine drums, wires, an springs. Titanium is one of the strongest alloys so it is used for bicycle frames, automobile, plane parts, and frames of glasses.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used for soap productions, paper making, and washing of fruits and vegetables. Also it used for Gold pennies experiment that we did in class and used in the home as a drain cleaning agent for clearing clogged drains.
7. Sodium hydroxide is extremely caustic, and can react with fats and oils on skin, in a reaction which creates salts. For this reason, sodium hydroxide is very dangerous. Solid sodium hydroxide or solutions containing high concentrations of sodium hydroxide may cause chemical burns, permanent injury or scarring, and blindness. Sodium Hydroxide can cause many diseases with breathing, eyes, skin and also cancer may develop 12 to 42 years after the ingestion incident.
HannahK.
1) Nitinol or NiTi is very unique because it is a member of a unique class of shape memory alloys. Nitinol has propertues such as shape memory effect, superelasticity and high damping capability.
2)http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3) Ferritic stainless steel because they contain about 10.5% to 27% of chromium and 12% is in between them.
4) Bronze is the combination of copper and tin
5) Alpaca Silver contains copper, nickel, zinc and tin and is used to fake silver jewelry. Also Ladies engagement rings are preferably 18kt with other metals added to make alloys for lades engagement rings.
6) Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, petroleum refining, drain cleaners and oven cleaners.
7) Sodium hydroxide can cause severe burns that can leave permanent scars. Sodium hydroxide will continue to penetrate layer after layer of skin until it is removed. Burning is not noticeably at first but becomes gradually noticeable and even weak solutions are capable of the same properties.
1. The alloy "Nitinol" is unique because it has a shape memory affect, high damping capability, and other different properties that a normal alloy doesn't have.
2. http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. It will be in the category of the Martensitic. This is because Austenitic steels aren't hardenable. Feeritic steels are more ductile thant austenitic steel, but it can't harden too. Martensitic steels are brittle and it can be hardened.
4. The alloy with the combination of copper and tin is called bronze.
5. Cat iron- this is an alloy that we use for engineering like pipes, and machines.
Nickel Silver- This is an alloy that we use for silverware, jewelry, and musical instruments like the cymbals.
6. Some uses of sodium hydroxide:
- soap
- glass
- paint stripper
- illegal drugs
- paper making
7. Sodium Hydroxide is bad for you because if you are in a place where Sodium Hydroxide is in the air, you can damage your lungs really bad and it can by life-threatening. Also, if sodium hydroxide touches your skin, it can give you a permanent scar. Finally, if sodium hydroxide gets into your eyes, you can become blind if you don't wash it of really fast.
1.Nitinol is an alloy of titanium and nickel and is a unique metal because it can return to its predetermined state when it is heated.
2.http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=lTFlKk4MMJM
3.If stainless steel had 12% of chromium it would be classified as Martensitic. I figured this out because Martensitic steel contains 12-14% of chromium.
4.The alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5.The alloy of copper and zinc is called brass and it is very useful. It is used in many instruments such as the trumpet, trombone, tuba, and more. Another useful alloy is steel. It is an alloy mostly of iron. It is used in buildings, roads, railways, and more.
6.Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap, paper, glass, rayon, biodiesel.
7.Sodium hydroxide is very dangerous. It can blind you when it gets in your eyes, can cause chemical burns, can give you permanent scars, and more. When sodium hydroxide is accidentally swallowed, it can burn the throat, cause vomiting, and might even kill you.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is a shape memory alloy. It can rememer the shape it was in and can change back after it was changed if heated.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. This type of stainless steel would be in the Martensitic category. I know this because it says here under the subtitle: Types of Stainless Steel
http://www.qualityfoils.com/Faq.htm
4. The alloy bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. One alloy is alpaca silver. It is made up of 60% copper, 20% nickel, 20% zinc, and 5% tin. It is used to make fake silver jewelry. The second alloy is brass which is made up of copper and zinc. It is used in wind instruments such as trumpets, trombones, and tubas.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of chemicals, production of paper, production of aluminum, and in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. It is also used as a catalyst in the manufacture of biodeisel.
7. Some dangers of Sodium Hydroxide are severe burns and permanent scars if in contact with skin. Also, if you inhale Sodiun Hydroxide aerosols, it can result in permanent lung damage or lung disease. Also, if it gets into eyes, it can cause scarring or permanent blindness. If it is swallowed, burning of the mouth, throat, and esophagus or death may occur.
1. This alloy is unique in two main ways. It has a shape memory effect and it has superelasticity. Shape memory effect means nitinol can be compressed and changed and it will always return to its original shape. Superelasticity just means it’s very flexible.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. It would belong to the ferritic category if it has 12% chromium. The ferritic category contains very little carbon and it is nickel free. Martensitic, Austenitic and Duplex steel all more than or less than 12% chromium.
4. An alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5. One common alloy is brass; it is made up of copper and zinc. It is used in machines parts and pluming, shell castings and it is used in coins, jewelry and musical instruments. Another common alloy is steel; it is made up of iron and carbon. Steel is used mainly in buildings, tools, cars, and appliances.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in many ways. It used in pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water and soaps. It is also used in detergents, explosives and petroleum products. Sodium hydroxide is also used to process cotton fabric, to clean and process metals and it’s used to clean ovens and drains.
7. One of the dangers of sodium hydroxide is if you breath it in it can cause difficulty breathing. It can also cause lung diseases. Another danger is if you touch sodium hydroxide. If you touch it, it can burn your skin severely and cause permanent scaring. A third danger of sodium hydroxide is it can brutally damage your eyes. It can cause extreme irritations in your eyes, scarring, blistering and clouding. It can even lead to permanent blindness.
1. The alloy Nitinol is unique because it contracts when heated rather than expanding like most metals. It also contracts with 100 times the amount of 'thermal movement' (expansion/contraction) [info from imagesco.com]Nitinol can also be bent into different shapes and is also called 'livewire'.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=g_EJQYbGCjk
3. If stainless steel was 12% chromium, it would be categorized as Ferritic.
4. Bronze is a combination of tin and copper.
5. Pewter, a metal alloy, is a combination of tin, copper, and antimony. It was the dominant tableware until porcelain came, and is still used for decorative objects. Another common alloy is brass, which is a combination of copper and zinc. It is used in musical instruments (BRASS instruments) and ornaments.
6. 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are:
a) paint stripper
b) gold penny experiment
c) german pretzel preperation
d) a drain cleaning agent
e) cleansing agent in breweries
7. Their are several different hazards of sodium hydroxide. First, if it comes in contact with your skin,it can burn or permanently scar you. Another danger is getting it in your eye, where it penetrates into the eye and can cause severe blistering/burning or even blindness. A final risk is swallowing it, where it can burn your esophagus, throat and mouth, and will result in severe pain, possibly diharrea, vomiting, or even death.
:)
eva
Questions
1. There is an alloy called "Nitinol", which is very unique. Describe why this alloy is unique.
2. Find a video online that demonstrates "Nitinol" being used. List the url (http://) address of the video.
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
4. What alloy is a combination of COPPER and TIN?
5. What are the names of TWO other common used alloys, and what are their uses?
Research Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then answer the following questions:
6. List 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
7. Describe in your OWN words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide. A good source is here: (http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
Answers
1. Nitinol is unique because it has shape memory and high elasticity properties.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040733/short_circuiting_of_nitinol/
3. If it had 12% chromium, it would be a Martensitic stainless steel because Martensitic steels usually contain 12% to 14% chromium.
4. Tin bronzes are a combination of copper and tin.
5. Bronze (Copper/usually Tin): Usually used for bearings, clips, electrical connectors, springs
Brass (Copper/Zinc): Used as Musical Instruments, coins
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used as paint strippers and is used in paper making, aluminium etching, soap production, and brass making.
7. Sodium Hydroxide is dangerous in many ways. If it is inhaled, pneumonitis can occer and damage to the upper respiratory system. Ingestion can cause burns of the mount, throat, and stomach but serious damage becomes relevant after a few days. If it touches your skin or eyes, it will also cause a lot of irritation or burns. When it get in contact with the external part of your body, like the eyes or skin, wash it quickly and well. Then it will probably be okay.
Joshua G 25333
Science C
1.There is an alloy called "Nitinol", which is very unique. Describe why this alloy is unique.
The alloy called Nintol has a very interesting and unique characteristic. This is because unlike other alloys Nitinol can return to its original shape when warmed, after being deformed and cooled.
2. Find a video online that demonstrates "Nitinol" being used. List the url (http://) address of the video.
There are many videos that demonstrate Nitinol being used, but I was able to find three that were simple but that gives plenty of information to understand the functions and uses of Nitinol. The addresses are as listed.
http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4- This is a video explaining what the functions of Nitinol are.
http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4- Nitinol used in motors. This is a video about an experiment done with a Nitinol motor.
http://au.youtube.com/watch?v=tKuxpDF3UuU- this is a video showing robots that are made of Nitinol wires. This video also shows how Nitinol works and a race between two Nitinol robots.
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
If a stainless steel had twelve percent chromium it would be in the category Martensitic. This is because stainless steel in the section Martensitic has 12-14% chromium.
4. What alloy is a combination of COPPER and TIN?
By the combination of Copper and Tin the alloy Bronze is formed.
5. What are the names of TWO other commonly used alloys and what are their uses?
Two other commonly used alloys are Steel and Brass. There are many uses of steel in various types of products, but steel is mainly used in constructions, such as, roads, railways, infrastructure, and buildings. Brass is mostly used for making instruments. Brass was used a lot by the Romans. They made jewelry, armor, and coins with brass.
Research Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then answer the following questions:
6. List 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
Five uses of sodium hydroxide are as listed.
Gold penny experiment
Paint remover
Soap production
Paper making
Biodiesel
There are many more uses of sodium hydroxide than this.
7. Describe in your OWN words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide. A good source is here: (http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
Permanent lung injuries when inhaled, penetration of the skin, and permanent blindness when it has contact with the eyes are some dangers that can occur when people have contact with sodium hydroxide. These dangers can occur when sodium hydroxide is a gas and when it is a liquid.
1. Nitinol, an alloy of nickel and titanium that is shape memory. It is unique because it may or may not be superelastic at room temperature due to small changes in its composition.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pwk9_tXTP4k
3. Martensitic, I know because stainless steel with 12-14% chromium is considered to be Martensitic.
4. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
5. Steel is a commonly used alloy in buildings and shipbuilding.
Brass is used in the making of musical instruments and locks.
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used with water to strip paint from wood, in soap, to etch in aluminum, to clean drains, and in bio diesel.
7. Sodium hydroxide is dangerous because it is very corrosive. If sodium hydroxide gets on your skin, there can be severe burns and permanent scarring. When it is inhaled, it causes severe irritation of the respiratory tract and can permanently injure the lungs. If it enters the eyes, they will at least get severely irritated, and could blind the eyes.
Andrew L
1) Nitinol is very unique because it is a shape memory alloy (SMA),which means that it is able to "remember" its shape. In other words, if heat is applied to Nitinol, it can be returned to that certain shape after being deformed. This gives Nitinol its superelasticity.
2) http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3)If a stainless steel had 12% chromium, then it would be martensitic. I know this because the four categories all can categorize stainless steel by the different percentages/amounts of chromium possible in each category/type. Martensitic stainless steels, in particular, contain 12-14% chromium.
4) The alloy bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5) Two other commonly used alloys are sterling silver and steel. Sterling silver is used in a wide range of commercial products, such as jewelry, cutlery (silverware; utensils),cigarette cases, and page clips. Steel is used for the
construction of roads, railways, infrastructure, and buildings. Most large modern structures, such as stadiums and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are supported by a steel skeleton. It is also used in car bodies, as well as construction-related application tools, such as bolts, nails, screws. Steel, besides that, is used in shipbuilding, mining, aerospace, bulldozers, office/modern furniture, steel wool, tools, and vest/vehicle armor.
(*Most information on sterling silver and steel is from Wikipedia.org.)
6) 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are:
*chemical manufacturing- pH control, acid neutralization, off-gas scrubbing and catalyst
*pulp and paper manufacturing
*petroleum and natural gas industry- removing acidic contaminant in oil and gas processing
*manufacturing soap, detergents, and other cleaning products
*water treatment
(*Information from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/basic_sod.html)
7) There are several dangers when exposed to sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide aerosols can cause irritation to the respiratory system and can even cause permanent lung damage, which can be fatal, and can cause an injury called pulmonary edema, which is a severe, life-threatening injury to the lungs. Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive, meaning that it is extremely acidic. This means that, if a person’s skin is exposed to sodium hydroxide, it can cause deep sores and permanent scarring. In fact, it cause rapid cell destruction and can readily burn through all of the layers of the skin. Sodium hydroxide can also damage the eyes, and exposure can lead to "irritation, mild scarring, blistering, disintegration, sores, severe scarring, clouding," and/or even permanent blindness. Lastly, it can even cause cancer in the esophagus.
(*Informaion from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
1) Nitinol is very unique because it is a shape memory alloy (SMA),which means that it is able to "remember" its shape. In other words, if heat is applied to Nitinol, it can be returned to that certain shape after being deformed. This gives Nitinol its superelasticity.
2) http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3)If a stainless steel had 12% chromium, then it would be martensitic. I know this because the four categories all can categorize stainless steel by the different percentages/amounts of chromium possible in each category/type. Martensitic stainless steels, in particular, contain 12-14% chromium.
4) The alloy bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5) Two other commonly used alloys are sterling silver and steel. Sterling silver is used in a wide range of commercial products, such as jewelry, cutlery (silverware; utensils),cigarette cases, and page clips. Steel is used for the
construction of roads, railways, infrastructure, and buildings. Most large modern structures, such as stadiums and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are supported by a steel skeleton. It is also used in car bodies, as well as construction-related application tools, such as bolts, nails, screws. Steel, besides that, is used in shipbuilding, mining, aerospace, bulldozers, office/modern furniture, steel wool, tools, and vest/vehicle armor.
(*Most information on sterling silver and steel is from Wikipedia.org.)
6) 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are:
*chemical manufacturing- pH control, acid neutralization, off-gas scrubbing and catalyst
*pulp and paper manufacturing
*petroleum and natural gas industry- removing acidic contaminant in oil and gas processing
*manufacturing soap, detergents, and other cleaning products
*water treatment
(*Information from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/basic_sod.html)
7) There are several dangers when exposed to sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide aerosols can cause irritation to the respiratory system and can even cause permanent lung damage, which can be fatal, and can cause an injury called pulmonary edema, which is a severe, life-threatening injury to the lungs. Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive, meaning that it is extremely acidic. This means that, if a person’s skin is exposed to sodium hydroxide, it can cause deep sores and permanent scarring. In fact, it cause rapid cell destruction and can readily burn through all of the layers of the skin. Sodium hydroxide can also damage the eyes, and exposure can lead to "irritation, mild scarring, blistering, disintegration, sores, severe scarring, clouding," and/or even permanent blindness. Lastly, it can even cause cancer in the esophagus.
(*Informaion from http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
1. Nitinol is unique because it is a memory alloy. Memory alloys can be stretched and twisted, but the second you place them into hot water it returns to its original shape. It is called a “Memory Alloy” because it is able to “remember” its original shape, so that is why it is able to return to its original shape once placed in hot water.
2. Video using Nitinol: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&NR=1
3. Stainless steel would be in the Martensitic category because the Martensitic category contains between 11 and 18 percent of chromium. The Martenstic stainless steels are used for surgical knives and dishes.
4. Bronze is combination of copper and tin.
5. Brass and 14K Gold are common alloys. Brass is made of copper and zinc. It is commonly used to make band instruments. Brass is cheaper, and it still looks somewhat like gold. 14K Gold is made of gold, copper, and antimony. It is used to make jewelry.
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used in soaps, papers, drain cleaners, shampoos, and it is used to make fabrics.
7. There are many dangers of sodium hydroxide. If sodium hydroxide comes into contact with skin it can cause really bad burns, and it can also blind you if is gets into your eyes. If it is swallowed it will burn your mouth, throat, and it may even cause you to die. If you are exposed to it too long, and you inhale too much of it you can develop a disease caused by the sodium hydroxide. Sodium Hydroxide has also been suggested to be a cause of cancer.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is a metal that contracts when heated, up to 10% of length.
2. http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3. If stainless steel was 12% chromium, it would most likely be in the category of Martensitic. Martensitic contains a 11 to 17% of carbon and is usually used in knifes and scissors.
4. The alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5. The names of two other commonly used alloys and their uses are sterling, the most commonly used alloy in jewelry, and amalgam, which is used in dental fillings.
6. Five uses of Sodium hydroxide are as a paint stripper, for the gold pennies experiement, in soap, making paper, and preparing food by washing or peeling vegetables.
7. In my own words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are severe burns caused by NaOH corroding the layers of skin, and organ burns if NaOH is swallowed due to it eroding everything in its path down.
a
1. Nitinol is unique as it is in the unique class of shape memory alloys. The properties of Nitinol include shape memory effect, superelasticity, and high damping capability.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. The stainless steel would be in Martensitic category. I know this because Martensitic stainless steels contains 12%~14% chromium. (http://www.hghouston.com/ss_cat.html). Ferritic, Austenitic, and Duplex stainless steels contain a greater amount of chromium.
4. Copper and tin creates an alloy called bronze.
5. Duraluminum is a commonly used alloy. It is mainly made up of aluminum and copper, with traces of manganesium and magnesium. Duralium is considered very strong and resistant. It is found in aircraft engines, car engines, sea vessels, and ships. Steel is also another commonly used alloy made up of iron and carbon. It is used for the making of screws, nails, buildings, bridges, and countless items.
6. Sodium hydroxide is uses in...
a) a solution of water and sodium hydroxide was used as a commonly used paint stripper on objects made of wood.
b) Sodium hydroxide is used in the production of soaps.
c) Sodium hydroxide was used widely in the process of paper making.
d) Sodium hydroxide is used the making of illegal drugs, such as mathamphetamine and dimethyltryptamine.
e) Sodium hydroxide is used as catalysts in the manufacture of biodiesel.
7. If you breath sodium hydroxide, it can result in severe irritation of the respiratory system. If sodium hydroxide gets in contact with the skin, it can create severe burns as well as permanent scars.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is able to exist in 2 different crystal phases in it's solid form.
2.http://www.dentistry.bham.ac.uk/ecourse/pages/page.asp?pid=84
3. Stainless steal with 12% chromium would be categorized in the martensitic group. It is in this group because martensitic steels are low carbon steels and if there is 12% chromium in this steel, there is 0.12% carbon.
4. Copper and tin combined creates the alloy bronze.
5. Copper and zinc combined create the alloy brass. Brass is used in many musical instruments such as trumpets, trombones, tubas. . .
Iron and carbon are combined to create the alloy steel. Steel is used in the construction of roads, railways etc. Large structures such as stadiums, skyscrapers, bridges and airports are often supported by a steel skeleton.
6. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used to get paint off of wooden objects and in paper making. It was also used in the making of illegal drugs such as methamphetamine, dimethyltryptamine and others. Sodium hydroxide is also used in many soaps and it used to be used as a relaxer to straighten hair but then the high incidence and intensity of chemical burns, they switched to other alkaline chemicals. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are still available but used mostly by professionals.
7. When using sodium hydroxide, you must be very cautious because if it is high concentration, it can cause chemical burns, permanent scarring and if it gets in your eyes you can go blind.
Maggie:
1.Nitinol is an alloy between nickel and titanium. It is a unique alloy because it can have a huge amount of weight put on it, and deform it, but it will go back to the way it was when that weight is lifted.
2.www.grand-illusions.com www.youtube.com-nitinol wire.
3.Stainless steal with 12% chromium would be a ferritic metal. This is because it has a lower amount of chromium.
4.The alloy bronze is an alloy of tin and copper.
5.Brass is an alloy between zinc and copper. It is used for making instruments. Pewter is an alloy of tin and antimony and copper. It is used in things like bowls, tea services and candlesticks.
6.Sodium hydroxide is used in soaps, paper, rayon, and in drain and oven cleaning products.
7.Sodium hydroxide can cause lung damage that can be permanent. It can cause severe burns on the skin, if it is swallowed it would probably make you very sick, be extremely painful, and could kill you. It can also cause you to go blind if it gets in your eyes.
1. Nickel Titanium or also known as Nitinol is a unique alloy because it has the ability to return to its original shaped when warmed if it was deformed when cool
2.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3.If the stainless steel had 12% chromium it will be in the martensitic category because martenstic stainless steel always has 12-14% chromium
4. Copper and tin alloy is made into pewter
5. one common alloy that we use today is steel we use steel in many things such as buildings bridges and many more structure that are meant to last an other commonly used alloy is Alpaca Silver and is used most commonly to fake Jewelry
6. Sodium hydroxide is used as a paint stripper, soap production, paper making, Aluminum etching and Food preparation
7. Sodium hydroxide is dangerous when inhaled as it causes irritation to the respiratory tract because of the nature of sodium chloride it causes severe lung diseases and can cause death when inhaled the victim experiences tightness of chest difficulty in breathing and starts coughing
1. Nitinol is very unique because it is superelastic, making it transform when loads are on and off it. It also displays shape memory. It remains a shape unless heated above transformation temperature, which will make it return to its original shape.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. Ferritic Stainless Steels would have about 12% chromium. Ferritic stainless steels contain from 10%~18% Chromium, whereas other stainless steels have at least 16%, 23%, etc.
4. Bronze is an alloy which is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Brass is on alloy of copper. It is used in brass instruments such as the trumpet or the trombone. Another alloy is bronze. It is strong and used to make coins, medals, statues, and other decorative items.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in soap, food uses such as peeling fruits, chocolate and cocoa processing, etc. A major use of NaOH is to manufacture other chemicals. It is widely used as a strong base, and also because it is inexpensive. It is also used in cleaning agents and cleaning stainless steel.
7. Inhaling NaOH can lead to pulmonary edema, which is a life-threatening injury in the lungs. Also, when contacted with skin, it can burn and leave a permanent scar. It will continue corroding until removed. Because of it's extreme corrosive, it can damage your eye from small scarring to blistering your eye, blur your eye, and even vision affecting conditions such as cataracts and glaucoma.
Eric Maquignaz
1. Nitinol is a very hard alloy amde of titanium and nickel. due to its hard form it is used in surgery of bones. It can also reshape itself.
2.http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3.stainless steel can be classifies as a martensitic catorigory because it is formes a crystalike structure
4. Tin and copper make an alloy called pewter. that rimes with computer.
5.magnesium alloys are used in light wight metals like race cars or bikes. titanium alloys are used in sports equipment and th ey are lite wight and very strong.
6. sodium hydroxide can be used in paint striper, food preperatiom biodesal,soap prodoction and the gold penny experament
7.sodium hydroxide is used in breaking down things.
Jon L.
1.Nitinol is a very hard alloy. it is made of titanium and nickel.it is used in sugery implants sometimes.
2.http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk
3.stainless steel is classified as a martensitic catorigory because formes a crystal structure
4. it makes pewter(tin and copper)
5.magnesium alloys are used in light wight metals like race cars or bikes. Another alloy is sodium Chloride. If you mix sodium and chlorine together it makes table salt.
6. Sodium hydroxide can be used in paper making, Cleanising agent like windex, biodesal,soap prodoction, and alluminum etching.
7.sodium hydroxide is usd to dissolve things.
jonathon living stone
1. Nitinol is a unique alloy which consists of the metals Nickel and Titanium. Nitinol is a successful alloy due to its two unique features. The first unique feature it has is the fact that it’s a shape-memory alloy. This means that it remembers the shape it was in before by adding heat to the alloy. Another feature that makes it unique is the fact that it has super-elasticity which means that it has the ability two exist in two reversible phases. Super-elasticity means that under stress it can be deformed “caused by a phase transformation austenitic and martensitic phases of a crystal.” (http://www.reference.com/search?q=Superelasticity) Austenite, being a nonmagnetic solid form of carbon in iron which is used for making corrosion resistant steel and Martensite being “a solid solution of iron and up to one percent of carbon, the chief constituent of hardened carbon tool steels.” (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/martensitic).
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk In this video, Nitinol is being used in a magic trick which is actually a set up. The Nitinol wire was bent into the shape of a heart and an eight and then straightened after. Afterwards, the Nitinol wire was stressed by the heat from the hair dryer causing the wire to form into the previous shape of the heart and the eight.
3. Stainless Steel that has 12% of chromium is a Martensitic stainless steel. This is because the chromium percentage limit of Martensitic stainless steels does not exceed 18% as in this stainless steel which only has 12% of chromium.
4. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
5. Brass is a common alloy which is used a lot. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Brass is used in the making of instruments since it is very malleable. Since Brass is a gold color and is fairly spoil resistant, it’s often used to decorate metals. Another use of Brass is that it is used in plumbing and electrical purposes.
Sterling Silver is another alloy which contains silver, nickel, and copper. A common use of Sterling Silver is that it is used for making tableware. Since pure silver is fairly soft and malleable it is easily damaged, so it is combined with copper and nickel to make a strong alloy. Sterling Silver is also used in the making of jewelry.
6. Sodium Hydroxide has many uses. It is used in the making of soaps, rayon (which is synthetic textile fibers), and paper. It is also used in petroleum refining and as household purposes for drain and oven cleaners.
7. Sodium Hydroxide is useful in many ways but it is also very hazardous. Sodium Hydroxide can harm you when you breathe it in, when it comes in contact with your skin, when it goes in your eyes, or when it accidentally enters your digestive system. When you breathe in Sodium Hydroxide you can get a lung injury, specifically, pulmonary edema, which can result as death. This is because Sodium Hydroxide has a corrosive nature therefore it damages the lungs greatly. When Sodium Hydroxide makes contact with your skin, it can cause ulceration or even permanent burns. However, you may not notice the burn or feel the pain for minutes or possibly hours. When Sodium Hydroxide makes contact with your eyes, it can cause you to go blind because it is acidic and corrosive, therefore causing it to burn your eyes leaving permanent minor or major scars, irritation in the eye, and faulty vision. In severe cases, it can cause you to go permanently blind. If Sodium Hydroxide is accidentally swallowed it may cause burning of areas in the throat, vomiting, diarrhea, pain, or even death.
Websites used:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/superelasticity
http://www.key-to-metals.com/Article70.htm
http://www.spacesciencegroup.org/lessons/Default.asp?Theme=mixtures&pagename=commonalloys
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Brass
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sterling-silver.htm
http://www.bluenile.com/silver.jsp
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/rayon
http://science.jrank.org/pages/6242/Sodium-Hydroxide.html
http://www.materialsengineer.com/E-Stainless-Steel.htm
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html
1. Alloy Nitinol is mixture of titan and nickel. Nickel takes 54-56% of Nitinol. It has good corrosion proof and no reflection. It’s one of the memory alloys.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk
3. Martensitic. It is because Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion-resistant as the other two classes but are extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machineable, and can be hardened by heat treatment
4. Bronzes.
5. (1). Duralumin is uses for cars, aircraft.
(2). Alnico is uses for permanent magnets
6. (1). Manufacture of soaps
(2). Rayon
(3). Paper
(4). Petroleum refining
(5). Drain cleaners/ oven cleaners
7. Some of sodium hydroxide is dangerous. It may cause serious irritation of the respiratory tract. If sodium hydroxide contact with skin, it may cause burns with bad ulceration and some cicatrices. It may cause cancer of the esophagus.
Su Ying Chang:))
1A. The alloy called "Nitinol", is very unique because of its many special properties. The two main unique properties are superelasticity and “Shape Memory.” Superelasticity is nitinol’s ability to recover its strain and “Shape Memory” is nitinol’s ability to expand, flex and change shape when cooled but it returns to its original shape and size when put into its normal temperature. Nitinol has many other properties such as its superior stability and biocompatibility.
(Biocompatibility-the capability of coexistence with living tissues or organisms without causing harm)
Information from: http://www.nitisurgical.com/what_is_nitinol.htm
http://www.c2i2.org/autumn2004/metallurgical_principles_full_article.asp
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/biocompatibility
2A. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=gseEISuEd74
This online video demonstrates “Nitinol” being used in a new idea, which is electronic garments.
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
3A. A stainless steel that has 12% chromium would be classified as martensitic. This is known because the categories are mainly classified through percentage of chromium.
Information from:
http://www.hghouston.com/ss_cat.html
4A. Bronze is an alloy of a combination of copper and tin.
Information from:
http://www.toolingu.com/definition-650205-9760-copper-tin-alloy.html
5A. Two other commonly used alloys are solder and nichrome. Solder is often used in joining metals and joining copper pipes. Nichrome is used in aircraft, boats, railroad cars, and machinery due to its high strength and resistance to corrosion.
Information from:
http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/List_of_alloys/
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/christjs/Composition%20Alloys.htm
6A. Of the many uses of sodium hydroxide, 5 of them are :
1. Manufacture of soaps.
2. Neutralization of acids.
3. Cleaning drains.
4. Cleaning Ovens.
5. Petroleum refining.
Information from:
http://science.jrank.org/pages/6242/Sodium-Hydroxide.html
7A. Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive and can damage human tissue very easily. Sodium hydroxide can not only damage humans through touch but just through inhalation. People that inhale too much sodium hydroxide can develop a lung disease. Sodium hydroxide has also been proven to be a cause of cancer. The cancer is in the esophagus for those who have taken sodium hydroxide into the body.
(http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/chem_profiles/sodium_hydroxide/health_sod.html)
1. Nitinol is a mixture of nickel and titanium. It is an unique alloy because of three properties. First it is a superelastic metal which means this alloy has a high degree of elasticity. Secondly it has a shape memory which means that after this alloy flexes or bends it can resume back into its pre-deformed shape at its normal temperature. Lastly it has a constancy of stresses which means that its constant force is between 1%-6% of extentsion.
2.This video demonstrates that nitinol wire resumes back into its pre-deformed shape at its normal temperature
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
This video demonstrates the nitinol wire actually being used to make "charms"
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=gd7pXtPB4gc&feature=related
3. A stainless steel with 12% chromium will be categorized as a martensitic stainless steel. You can know this by the steel's tensile strength because of the hardened condition made by the chromium and carbon contents' covering.
4.An alloy with a combination of copper and tin is called bronze.
5. One commonly used alloy is the titanium alloy, and it's used in machines on cars because it withstands high temperatures. Another commonly used alloy is the aluminum alloy and it's used in cans, wheels, keys, foil, and many more.
6. Sodium hydroxide is a manufactured chemical. It is used in cleaning products, such as soaps, pesticides, treating sewage systems, and battery systems.
7. Some dangers of the sodium hydroxide is first a deadly disorder in the respiratory system. When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is inhaled, a consistant pain is left in the lungs. Another danger is a painful skin burn. When NaOH is contacted with the skin it continues to burn the deeper layers the skin until it is removed. When it isn't removed after a reasonable time it could make a permanent scar. Also, when NaOH reaches your eye it could leave behind a loss of concentration in your eye.
1. The alloy "Nitinol" is very unique due to being superelastic, being able to withstand an amount of deformation and return to it's original shape. It's also a shape memory alloy, meaning it can retain its original shape when heated.
2.http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&NR=1
3.It would be in the martensitic group because its hardness can be measured by the amount of chromium in it.
4. Bronze
5. Alnico- permanent magnets
sterling silver- jewelry
6. in soaps
in rayon
in paper
and in drain cleaner
in oven cleaners
7. It can burn your skin severly, and leave scars that will never go away. Even diluted sodium hydroxide should still be wahed off of any skin imediately.
1.Nitinol is unique because it is a mixture of Nickle and Titanium. Nitinol is used in able to withstand alot of deformation.
2.This is a vidio on how Nitinol can withstand deformation.
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3.If stainless steel had 12% chromine, it would be
(I can't find the answer)
4. The aloow that is a combination of tin and copper is Bronze.
5. Two more common allows are brass wich is sometimes used in instruments, and hydrogen Preoxide, which is used in oils and gases.
6.Sodium Hydoxide is used to strip paints,to refine alumina, paper making, aluminium etching. Originaly, sodium hydroxide was used in soap making.
7.Some dangers of sodium hydroxides are that it could mke you go blind if it gets in your eyes, it could kill you if you drink it, it could give you severe burns if it gets on you skin and it couldgive you pemantent scars.
GENNA DANAHY
-natalie-
1.Nitinol is very unique because it has interesting characteristics that are not found in any other material. First of all, Nitinol is an alloy of Nickel Titanium (NiTi). Nitinol is “super elastic” and is able to bend when an amount of load is used and return to its original shape when the load is removed. It is also known to have “shape memory”, which is a process of restoring the original shape of a plastically deformed sample by heating it. Nitinol is used for hydraulic line couplings for military jets and ships, electrical connectors, and actuators for machines and automotive transmissions.
2.http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3.If stainless steel had 12% of chroumium is would be in the category of Martensitic. I know this because Martensitite is various forms of hard, ductile, and brittle steel by the increase of carbon content.
4.That alloy which has a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5.The names of the two other common used alloys are Prestal and Hepatizon. Prestal (aluminum, zinc) is used in inexpensive ceramics and cement die casts. Hepatizon (gold, silver) is used in jewelry.
6.Sodium hydroxide is used in making soap and detergent, glass, producing textiles, etching aluminum, and used to make Methamphetamine.
7.Sodium hydroxide is poisonous and very dangerous in many ways. If you breathe its vapor it can irritate your respiratory system. It can affect your lungs and you can have lung disease. When Sodium hydroxide goes on your skin, it will produce painful sores and it can burn your skin. It matters how concentrated the liquid is but when you handle it you should be extremely careful. Also, sodium hydroxide can penetrate your eyes and ruin your visions. It can even make you blind by hurting your eye tissues. When sodium hydroxide is eaten and in your digestive system, your mouth and esophagus will burn, and you would probably have diarrhea and vomit. You might most likely die after you ingest sodium hydroxide.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is very elastic and it remains in shape in room temperature. It changes its form if it is heated.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3. If a stainless steel had 12% chromium then it will be classified as ferritic. Usually ferritic stainless steel contains at least 10% of chromium.
4. The bronze is an alloy which is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Brass is one of the alloy of copper. It is commonly used in brass instruments such as trumbones and trumpets. Another alloy is bronze and it is used to make coins.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in many different ways such as:
1. soap production
2. paper making
3. food preparation-washing or chemical peeling of fruits and vegetables
4. manufacturing other chemicals
5. cleaning stainless steel
7. Some dangers of sodium hydroxide is that it can leave a permanent scars if it has a contact with your skin. Also if it has a contact with your eyes, it can cause permanent blindness.
1.)Nitinol is in the unique class of shape memory alloys. If you bend it or crumple it in any shape and put it in warm water and it will go back into the same shape as before. You can do it as much as possible.
2.)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuHDFuDQ1PI&feature=related
3.)I couldn't find the answer to this question.
4.)Bronze.
5.)sterling silver, a combination of copper and silver.knives, forks, and spoons - as well as coffee and tea service sets, with silver trays. Silumin is a series of lightweight, high-strength aluminium alloys with silicon, used in humid environments
6.)a)soaps
b)paper
c)drain cleaners
d)oven cleaners
e)petroleum refining
7.)If you touch it, you will get a really bad chemical burn. If it gets in your eyes you will go blind for ever. It causes cancer and hair loss if it comes in contact with your skin.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is “shape memory alloy”, which remembers its shape.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&feature=related; this website is about how nitinol wire works
3. Martensitic; because martensitic is type of crystal, and chromium could be mixed with crystal.
4. Pewter
5. Brass: mostly used in instruments
Bronze: church bells, statues, bearings, and others
6. - Soap production
- Paper making
- Aluminum etching
- Domestic uses
- Tissue digestion
7. Sodium hydroxide could be really dangerous in many ways, and the most common reason is burning people since the chemical itself is a fire. For example, it will hurt more when it is going deeper through the skin layers until it is removed.
Anjoulie Period C
1. Nitinol is unique because it has shape memory and superelasticity properties. Nitinol regins its original form with the application of heat. It can deform up to 8% and still regain its original form.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4 is the url address of a video that demonstrates "Nitinol being used."
3. If stainless steel had 12% chromium it would be in the catergory Martensitic. I know this because there is 11.7% of chromium in Martensitic Strainless Steel, which rounds up to 12%.
4. Pewter is an alloy of copper and tin.
5. The names of the two other common used alloys are Titanium and Magnesium. Uses for Titanium are for golf clubs and to make propeller shafts. Uses for Magnesium are in pyrotechnics, especially in incendiary bombs, signals, and flares.
6. 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are
1. in paper
2. in drinking water
3. in soaps
4. in detergents
5. oven and drain cleaners
7. Although sodium hydroxide is used in many house hold items, it can be dangereous. Some dangers of sodium hydrozide is severe irration of the respiratory tract, lung injury, severe burns. It can also hurt your eyes ranging from severe irritation, mild scaring, blistering, or even blindness.
1. The alloy called "Nitinol" is unique because it is known to be a shape memory alloy, which is an alloy that can return to a previously defined shape after being deformed by being heated. For example, in 1968, Metallurgist William Buehler and Physicist Frederick Wang participated in a laboratory test in which where they fashioned Nitinol into a complex shape at a high temperature. They then cooled it and crushed it beyond reasoning, and when they heated the alloy again, it reformed back to its original shape, with every precise curve and angle.
Source: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838687,00.html
2. Short Circuiting of Nitinol (battery charge)
link: http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040733/short_circuiting_of_nitinol/
This video demonstrates the act of nitinol being known as the shape memory alloy. In the video, nitinol as a spring is stretched out to give it a different shape. Once the nitinol is connected to a battery charge, the battery conducts heat and because it is hooked on to the nitinol, the nitinol takes action and reforms to become a spring again.
3. If a stainless steel had 12% chromium, it would be in the Martensitic category. Members of the Martensitic category each consist of 12% chromium, 0.12% carbon, and a balance of mostly iron.
Source: http://www.hghouston.com/ss_cat.html
4. The alloy that is a combination of Copper and Tin is bronze.
5. Nickel silver and steel are names of two alloys that are used very commonly. Nickel silver is used in zippers, keys, jewelry, and can also be used in musical instruments such as the flute, saxophone, or the French horn. Steel is used to build roads, railways, buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, and can also be used in other forms of construction in architecture.
6. Five Uses of Sodium Hydroxide:
1) Soap production
2) Paper making
3) Illegal drugs
4) Food preparation
5) Domestic uses (e.x. clearing clogged
drains, a relaxer-to straighten hair)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide#Uses
7. If a sodium hydroxide solution is swallowed or enters the digestive system, it can cause burns or scratches in the tissues that are in your esophagus. Symptoms may include indigestion, vomiting, burning of the esophagus or areas such as the mouth or throat, and death may come in as a result depending on how severe the situation may come to be.
Christopher J.I Kim
1. The alloy called "Nitinol" is very unique because it recovers substantial amounts of strain and when changing shape, it generates significant force. Also, it forms a crystal structure and the temperature changes.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=ALE5nKN7ZhI&feature=related
3.
4. The alloy that's a combination of Copper and tin is the bronze alloy.
5. The two other alloys are aluminum alloy and zinc. Aluminum alloy is used for extracting hydrogen from water for running fuel cells and with that technique, it could be used to replace gasoline. Zinc alloy is used widely in the production of die cast components.
6. The 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are manufacturing sops, rayon, paper, explosives, and petropeum prodcuts.
7. There are some dangers of sodium hydroxide. It can cause bruns in all tissues. Also, it can cause abdominal pain and difficulty swallowing. Sodium hydroxide causes cancer. Also, it can make your eyes blind. However, sodium hydroxide doesn't accumulate inside the body.
a
1)Nitinol is very unique because it is a shape-memory alloy. This is proven because when the metal is deforms when cool, it turns undeformed when it is heated. (It retains its original shape when warm)
2)http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=nitinol&hl=en&emb=0&aq=-1&oq=#
3) The category stainless steel with 12% chromium would be Martensitic. You could know this if the steel is more brittle and and magnetic.
4)Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
5)Two other commonly used alloys are steel and brass. Steel is used in road, railway, and building structures. Brass is used in brass instruments such as trumpets.
6) 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are soap production, paper making, aluminium etching, food preparation, and tissue digestion.
7) Some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide are that in solid or high concentration of the form, it can cause severe chemical burning,scarring, and blindness. Another thing it could do is create salt on reaction with oil/fats on skin.
1. The reason why Nitinol is unique is because it changes its structure whenever the temperature changes.
2. http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=nitinol&www_google_domain=www.google.com&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f#q=nitinol&www_google_domain=www.google.com&hl=en&emb=0&aq=f&start=0
3. Martensitic category.
4. Bronze is a combination of COPPER and TIN.
5. Two commonly used alloys are stainless steel and brass. Stainless steel is used in cutlery, escalators, etc. Brass is used in instruments and plumbing.
6. (1)used in making illegal drugs (2)used in making soap (3)used in paper making (4)used as a paint remover/stripper on wooden objects (5)used to straighten hair.
7. Sodium hydroxide can harm your respiratory system, skin, eyes, digestive system, etc. When you breath in NaOH, it’ll injure the lungs very severely and the tracts as well. It can also cause burns on your skin and you can get scars. If it enters your eye, your eyesight can worsen and might cause blindness. When swallowed, can cause diarrhea and vomiting.
1. Nitinol is an alloy of nickel and titanium that is named after where it was discovered (the Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory). It is called a shape memory alloy. When is has a shape and a force is put on it to change the shape then when it is heated it will go back to its original shape like it remembers it.
2. The video I saw was at http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk&NR=1 and showed a nitinol wire that was previously bent into an 8 of hearts and then unbent and then when it was heated with a hair dryer it went back to the shape.
3. If you had stainless steel with 12% chromium it could be ferritic or martensitic since both of those can have that much chromium (ferritic can have 12-28% and martensitic can have 11-14%). These are very similar stainless steels and the big difference is that martensitic has a lot of carbon. To tell for sure you would have to test for carbon.
4. Bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Aluminum alloy is very common and made of mostly aluminum. It is used for packaging for food, drinks, pet food and car oil. Also it can be in foil sheets for wrapping candy or for baking. Some of it is used in car parts. Another alloy commonly used is steel. Steel is made of iron and carbon and some chromium and manganese. We use it a lot in building and car parts.
6. Sodium hydroxide is also called lye and is used when making pulp and paper, when making textiles, in soaps and detergents, as a drain cleaner in homes, and in food preparation to chemically peel fruits and vegetables or to make soft drinks or to thicken ice cream.
7. The health effects of sodium hydroxide are dangerous. First, when it is an aerosol it can cause chest tightness, difficulty breathing, coughing and lung injury. For workers who use it over many years, it can cause permanent lung damage. Second, it is corrosive on the skin depending on how concentrated it is and how long it is on the skin. It can damage all layers of skin and dissolve hair. If it is weak, it can cause very dry skin with cracks. Third, if it gets in the eye and it is strong and in the eye for awhile, it can blister the eye, cause scarring, cause cloudy eyes and cause blindness. It can also lead to glaucoma and cataracts later on. Fourth, if it is swallowed it could cause pain and burning in the throat and the esophagus and cause vomiting, diarrhea and maybe death. Also, it might cause cancer of the esophagus. It is very dangerous.
1. Nitinol, also known by nickel titanium, was named after the place where it was discovered (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory). Nitinol is unique because it becomes deformed when it is cool, but when warmed, it comes back to its original shape. Due to this unique property, it is used in a wide variety of applications, particularly in medicine.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. If the stainless steel had 12 % chromium, it would be categorized into the duplex category because it is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 10 % chromium.
4. Copper and Tin are formed into Bronze.
5. Steel and brass are common alloys. Brass is mostly used in instruments (brass instruments) such as trumpets, trombones, and etc. Steel is used for large buildings such as stadiums, bridges, skyscrapers, and etc.
6. Sodium Hydroxide is used in paper making; process of bleaching the brown pulp, illegal drugs; methamphetamine, gold pennies experiment; used in conjunction with zinc, used in soap production; cold process soap, saponification, and a relaxer; to straighten hair.
7. Sodium hydroxide can cause chemical burns, permanent injury or injuries lead to scars or even blindness when it gets into the eye. Sodium hydroxide is also very harmful to the skin, so therefore, when touched, you should wash it off thoroughly with water.
-Will period C
1) Nitinol is a very unique alloy because it is a shape memory alloy. It is an alloy that "remembers" its shape, and can be returned to that shape after being applied to heat.
2) http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3) If stainless steel has 12% chromium, it would be classified as Martensitic because chromium content usually does not exceed 18%.
4) The alloy bronze is formed when you combine copper and tin together.
5) One of the most commonly used alloys is Alpaca Silver. It contains copper (60%), nickel (15%), zinc (20%), and tin (5%). It is used for fake silver in jewelry.
Another commonly used alloy is brass. It is used for instruments such as the trombone and trumpet. It is used for statues as well.
6) 5 uses for sodium hydroxide are:
1. Drinking water
2. Soap and detergents
3. Pulp/paper
4. Illegal drugs such as metamphetamine and dimethyltryptamine.
5. Relaxer to straighten hair
7) There are many safety precautions when it comes to handling sodium hydroxide. Inhaling the mist can cause someone to have trouble breathing and can cause severe lung damage. Sodium hydroxide can also create burns and baldness when it is penetrated deep into the skin. Your skin can be harshly damaged. When sodium hydroxide comes into contact with eyes, it can cause scarring, blistering and major irritations. It can eventually lead to blindness in the eye.
1. Nitinol is very unique compared to other alloys because it is a shape memory alloy. A shape memory alloy has the ability to return to its original shape after being deformed by applying heat.
2.http://www.instructables.com/id/Muscle-Wire-Nitinol-in-HOT-Water/
3. If a stainless steel had 12% chromium, it would be a martensitic.
4. The combination of copper and tin is called bronze.
5. One common alloy is brass which is a combination of copper and zinc. You can see this alloy in brass instruments. Another common alloy is white gold which is a combination of gold and at least one white metal, usually nickel or palladium. This alloy is used to make jewelry.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in soap and paper production, soft drink processing, ice cream thickening, and hair products.
7. When someone inhales sodium hydroxide, they can have trouble breathing and face permanent lung injury. If sodium hydroxide were to come in contact with human skin, it would result in painful burns and permanent scars. In severe cases, people can become blind if their eyes come in contact with sodium hydroxide. If someone were to swallow sodium hydroxide, they can experience severe pain and burning in the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, and possible death.
1. Small changes in the composition can change the temperature of nitinol significantly. This is one way that nitinol is unique.
2.http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&feature=related
3.Stainless steel would be classified as Martensitic if it was twelve percent chromium. This is because it holds twelve percent of chromium.
4. Copper and tin combine to form bell metal.
5. Titanium alloys are commonly used. They can be used for airframe designs and PTA plants for polyester production. Another commonly used alloy is brass. Brass is used in many different instruments and for sanitary pipes.
6. Sodium Hydroxide can be used in petroleum refining, paper, rayon, soaps and drain cleaners.
7. When sodium hydroxide comes into contact with skin, it creates burns and leaves scars permanently. It is possible for sodium hydroxide to cause cataracts or glaucoma when it comes into contact with the eyes and sometimes, they even lead to blindness.
1. Nitinol is a unique alloy because it is a shape memory alloy Nitinol can always change back to its previous form even after being heated.
2. http://video.search.yahoo.com/video/play?p=Nitinol&ei=UTF-8&rd=r1&meta=vc%3Dkr&fr=yfp-t-501&fr2=tab-web&tnr=21&vid=000159932741
Heat Engines, Curie Effect and Nitinol
3. Stainless steel would be in the martensitic category if it had 12% of chromium. I know this because there would be need to be other percentages of chromium, like, 17% for Ferritic, 18% for Austenitic, and 19-28% for Duplex.
4.The alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5. Two other common alloys are aluminum and bauxite. Aluminum is used for packing and transportation while Bauxite is used in the production of synthetic corundum and aluminous refractory.
6.The 5 uses of sodium hydroxide is paint stripper, soap production, paper making, alumina production, and in the cleansing agent.
7. Sodium hydroxide can cause dangers such as having an impact in the human bodies. It can cause severe burns on your skin and leave a permanent scar. That isn’t the only thing that’s dangerous, another effect sodium hydroxide has is making you blind. Once it goes into your eyes, just like it damages your skin, it can cause you to become blind.
1. The alloy, Nitinol, is unique because it is a shape memory alloy. This alloy can return to its original shape, even after being deformed, by heating up the alloy.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk&feature=related
This is a video from youtube, which uses nitinol to perform a magic trick!
3. Martensitic, I’m not sure why, but this is a reason I came up with. The most commonly used alloy in the martensitic stainless steel family is the type 410. The type 410 includes 12 % chromium and 0.1 % carbon.
4. The alloy bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. I wasn’t sure what the question was asking but I thought it was asking about two other alloys and their uses. So, one is from alloys of aluminum, alnico. Alnico is the result of the mixture of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. The primary use of alnico is to make permanent magnets. Another alloys is also from the aluminum alloy family, magnalium. This is the mixture of aluminum and magnesium. Thanks to their high strength and low density, it is used in aircraft and automobile parts.
6. a) Sodium hydroxide is used in the makings of the gold pennies experiment. Like we did today. We soaked our pennies or 10 won coins in a mixture of zinc powder and NaOH.
b) NaOH is also used in illegal drugs such as methamphetamine, dimethyltryptamine, and other illegal drugs.
c) With the mixture of NaOH and water, it breaks down the chemical bonds that keep the body intact. This has also been used by criminals and serial killers who dispose of their victim's bodies.
d) NaOH is also used in homes. NaOH is used as a drain cleaner for clearing clogged drains.
e) NaOH is also used in food. For example, olives are soaked in sodium hydroxide to soften them. And, pretzels are glazed with a NaOH solution that makes them crisp, before it is baked.
7. By breathing in sodium hydroxide, permanent lung injury was resulted. If NaOH gets in contact with your skin, it can cause severe burns and permanent scars. Getting in contact with NaOH with your eyes, may result in permanent blindness. If sodium hydroxide is swallowed, it can cause severe pain: burning of the mouth, throat, and esophagus, vomiting, diarrhea, fainting and possibly death.
1. Nitinol is unique because when you pass electricity through it, it gets shorter instead of longer. This happens because it remembers its earlier configuration.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=xuHDFuDQ1PI
3. ERROR
4.Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
5. Brass is made from coppor and zinc. Brass is used in ornaments and statues.
Steel is made from iron and carbon. Steel is used in pots and pans.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in pulp, paper, textiles, drinking water, soap,detergetns, and as a drain cleaner.
7. Sodium Hydroxide can be dangerous in large amounts. For example, there is Sodium Hydroxide in soap but a very small amount. If this solution comes directly at your skin it can cause severe burns and scaring. If some of this liquid comes onto your skin you should wipe it off emediatly. The longer it is on the more damage it can do. Sodium Hydroxide also can be very dangerous to the eyes and can cause blindness. If this solution is swalled you can burn your esoufagal tissue.
1. Nitinol is unique, because the transition temperature of the alloy can change significantly, just by small changes in the composition.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vrsx6f4HrSE&feature=related
3. Stainless steel with 12% chromium is classified as Martensitic, because it contains 12-14% of chromium.
4. Bell metal is an alloy which is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Alnico is used for permanent magnets, and brass is used in doorknobs, fan blades, coins, and instruments.
6. Sodiumhydroxide is used in pulp, paper, textiles, drinking water and detergents as a drain cleaner.
7. Sodium hydroxide can be dangerous, since when it comes into contact with the skin, it causes burns and deep ulceration, and leaves permanent scar. It may cause glaucoma and cataracts if it gets into the eyes, and in some cases, it may lead to blindness. NaOH can possibly cause cancer of the esophagus due to tissue destruction and scar formation.
1. Nitinol is a unique alloy because it is a “shape memory alloy”. Shape memory alloys remember their original geometry. Nitinol, if deformed while cool, returns to its undeformed shape when warmed. Above its transformation temperature, it is super elastic, meaning it can withstand a small amount of distortion when a load of something is applied to it, and when the load is removed, it can go back to its original form.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch ?v=k20J4NDgAYk
If this link does not work for some reason, you can go to YouTube and type in “Muscle Wire (Nitinol) in HOT Water”, then click on the first video shown.
3. If the stainless steel had 12% chromium in it, it would be classified into the Ferritic group or the Martenistic group, depending on the amount of carbon and nickel included in the stainless steel. I would know this because stainless steel is classified into the four groups based on alloy contents, internal structure, and magnetic or non magnetic properties.
4. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. It typically contains 88% copper and 12% tin.
5. Another commonly used alloy is Alpaca Silver and it contains 60% copper, 20% nickel, 20% zinc, and 5% tin. Brass is another commonly used alloy. Brass is used to make instruments, and can be used to make fan blades. It can also be used for plumbing and electrical purposes. Brass is also a decorative alloy and can be used to imitate jewelry. Alpaca Silver can also be used jewelry. It is used in European coins, can be found in boats, and is useful for plumbing. It also is found in musical instruments.
6. Sodium Hydroxide has many uses. Sodium Hydroxide is used in the pulp and paper industry and is a common base in chemical laboratories. Sodium hydroxide is used in the home as a drain cleaning agent for clearing clogged drains. It can also be used in making illegal drugs. In the past, Sodium hydroxide has been used to straighten hair.
7. Some dangers of Sodium Hydroxide occur if you inhale to much. If you inhale a large amount, Sodium Hydroxide can have difficulty breathing, coughing, and tightness of chest. If it comes in contact with your skin it can cause severe chemical burns.
1. Nitinol is an alloy made out of nickel and titanium and it is also known as the ‘shape memory’ metal because of its unusual behavior in returning to its original shape in warm water no matter how much it has been tangled, and bent out of shape.
2. -http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
- http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. If a stainless steel contains 12% of chromium, it would be in the Martensitic category because for a stainless steel to fit into the Martensitic category it needs to have 12% of chromium. To fit into the Ferritic category, it needs 17%; for Austenitic, it needs 18%; and for Duplex, it needs 19~28% of chromium.
4. Combination of copper and tin makes an alloy called bronze.
5. Copper and zinc combine to make brass. It is used to make brass instruments like trombone. Mixture of carbon and iron makes an alloy called steel and the steel sheets are used to make the bodies of cars.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries. It is used to make soap, detergent, textiles like rayon, etch aluminum, and papers.
7. Sodium hydroxide may cause permanent blindness when it gets into your eyes and when it touches your skin it can burn your skin with permanent scars. Furthermore, if you inhale the solution of boiling sodium hydroxide for a long time, you can get airway diseases causing irritation and burns in the respiratory system. Lastly, if you eat it, it can cause cancer in the esophagus.
1. Nitinol is unique due to the fact that it has "shape memory". Nitinol flexes and expands when it is cooled, however, when it is returned to normal temperature it returns to its previous shape and size.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. A stainless steel with 12% chromium could be categorized as either a martensitic or ferritic stainless steel. This is because a ferritic stainless steel contains between 10.5% and 27% chromium, also martensitic stainless steel contains 12-14% of chromium. Thus, a stainless steel with 12% chromium would be considered a martensitic or ferritic stainless steel.
4. An alloy containing copper and tin is bronze.
5. Steel- Steel is a metall alloy containing iron and carbon. High carbon steel is used for dies and cutting tools due to its hardness and brittleness, low-or medium-carbon steel is usually used for sheeting or structural forms since it is easy to weld, smooth, and has a high tensile strength.
Alnico- Alnico is a combination of aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co), hence the name alnico. It is used to create alnico magnets, which are often used for electric motors, electric guitar pickups, microphones, sensors, cow magnets, and loudspeakers.
6. Sodium hydorxide has several uses, some of which include:
a) Alumina production, refining of ore to produce alumina which is the raw material used to produce aluminum metal.
b) Soap production
c) Aluminum etching, sodium hydroxide mised with aluminum creates a hydrogen gas, which is used to etch through a resist, removing, anodizing, or converting a polished surface to a satin-like finish.
d) Cleansing angent, sodium hydroxide is mixed with water then boiled to clean large stainless steel tanks where beer is brewed, fermented, and stored.
e) Drain cleaning agent, sodium hydroxide is used in many homes to clear clogged drains.
These are only five of the many uses of sodium hydroxide.
7. When sodium hydroxide is inhaled or comes in contact with your skin or eye, it can create many health hazards ranging from something as mild as scarring or as severe as blindness or cancer. When sodium hydroxide is inhaled, it can cause lung injury, depending on severity. If a sodium hyrdoxide solution comes into contact with your skin it can cause severe burns with deep ulceration and permanent scarring, while penetrating several layers of skin until it is properly removed. When sodium hydroxide comes into contact with your eyes, it can cause severe irritation and mild carring or disintegration, ulceration, severe scarring and clouding. This could later result in conditions which affect vision like glaucoma, cataracts, and, possibly, blindness. All of these conditions depend on the concentration of the solution, duration of exposure, and the speed of penetration into the skin or eyes. Sodium hydroxide is a hazardous solution and should be avoided unless necessary.
Justin K.
1. This alloy exhibits a unique behavior. The two terms used to describe the behavior are "shape memory" and Superelasticity"
2.http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4&feature=related
3. martensitic because the members of this family of stainless steels my be hardened and tempered just like alloy steels.
4. Bell bronze is an alloy of about 80% copper and 20% tin
5. Brass an alloy made from copper and zinc and Bronze made from tin and copper. Brass is used in instruments. Bronze is used for bearings, statues, ornaments, church bells, etc.
Justin C (Period A)
1. There is an alloy called "Nitinol", which is very unique. Describe why this alloy is unique.
Answer: Nitinol is very elastic. It has 20 times the elasticity as a regular spring alloy. It can withstand a change in formation and return to its original state. Also, it has a memory of its own. When the alloy is cooled, it expands, but as soon as it is heated, it returns to the shape before it expanded. While it is changing shape, it can produce lots of energy.
2. Find a video online that demonstrates "Nitinol" being used. List the url (http://) address of the video.
Site URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&feature=related
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
Answer: Chromium is a metal used in stainless steels to increase hardness and corrosion (decay) resistance. Stainless steel needs to have a minimum of 10% chromium to be a stainless steel. Austenitic types are very corrosion resistant and tough, and therefore need a lot more than 12% chromium, which is only 2% higher than the minimum for stainless steels. Duplex steels are even tougher and more corrosion resistant than austenitic steels; therefore it needs more chromium than austenitic. This leaves us with Ferritc and Martensitic steels. However, most ferritic steels have 17% chromium which makes a 12% chromium stainless steel a martensitic steel.
4. What alloy is a combination of COPPER and TIN?
Answer: Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Different ratios of copper and tin in the bronze alloy determine the color of the alloy. For example, up to 40% tin in bronze produces a white alloy. However, it has to have more than 78% copper.
5. What are the names of TWO other commonly used alloys, and what are their uses?
Answer: Brass is a commonly used alloy made from copper and zinc. Bronze is used to make many musical instruments like cymbals and bells for instruments like saxophones. Bronze is also widely used in sculptures, hammers, mallets, and wrenches. Amalgam is an alloy used as a dental filling. Mixing mercury with at least one other metal creates amalgam, usually 40% to 50% mercury and the rest composed of silver, copper, or tin.
6. List 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
A. Sodium Hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap and detergent
B. Sodium Hydroxide is used in making paper.
C. Sodium Hydroxide is used in food preparation. It is used in washing and peeling of fruits and vegetables. It is also used in thickening ice cream, producing color in caramels, and chocolate processing. However, sodium hydroxide suitable for households is hard to find so it is often replaced by sodium carbonate.
D. Sodium Hydroxide is used as drain cleaners because it has the power to decompose molecules like protein. However, it is very dangerous and must be handled with care.
E. Sodium Hydroxide was once used to decompose dead animals. Sodium hydroxide would break chemical bonds in the body and turn it into a liquid while leaving the bones hollow.
7. Describe in your OWN words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide.
Answer: Sodium Hydroxide is a highly dangerous chemical that should be handled with care. If sodium hydroxide comes into contact with skin, immediately washing it off will leave no severe burns. However, over 15 minutes, it will cause etreme pain and permanent burns. It will break the chemical bonds of the body and eat away deeper and deeper into the body. Sodium hydroxide is not usually found in a vapor form, but it is dangerous to breath sodium hydroxide steam or vapor. It can damage respiratory systems and sometimes cause fatal injuries to lungs. However, it will typically cause hard breathing and continued coughing. When one stops breathing this vapor, these symptoms will stop. Mild cases of contact with sodium hydroxide in the eye can cause irritation but serious ones may cause cataracts, clouding, and even permanent blindness. Simply put, sodium hydroxide in the body will cause irritation and mild burns on a low level, but if serious it can cause severe burns, blindness, cancer, and possible death.
1. Nitinol is a unique alloy. It is a shape memory alloy which means that instead of expanding when heated, it remembers its earlier arrangement of structure and it will change back to its original form.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=8nnNBVmfHpM this video explains how nitinol reacts and http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=MOldGcb_ZvA&feature=related this is one usage of nitinol.
3. If stainless steel had 12% chromium it would have to be classified as martensitic. "Martensitic stainless steels are also based on the addition of chromium as the major alloying element but with a higher carbon and generally lower chromium content (e.g. 12% in Grade 410 and 416) than the ferritic types" text from http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=470#_Ferritic_Stainless_Steels
4. Bronze is the alloy with the combination of copper and tin.
5. Two common alloys are steel and brass. Steel is a combination of iron and carbon and brass is a combination of copper and zinc. Steels are used in knives and brass is used in making some band instruments.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture pulp and paper, drinking water, and detergents. It is also used to make soap and produce biodiesel.
7. Too much exposure to sodium hydroxide can cause many severe problems in the respiratory system, burns to your skin and eyes, and it may even cause death if digested. Some alloys may be useful, but you must still be cautious.
1. Nitinol contains a nearly equal mixture of nickel and titanium. Nitinol’s unique features make it useful in biomedical applications. The three qualities that make Nitinol particularly useful are super elasticity shape memory, and constancy of stress. Super elasticity allows Nitinol to be able to bend up to 8% of its original size, whereas normal spring alloys can only be bent 0.4%. Shape memory allows Nitinol to be able to “memorize” its shape. When it is bent in room temperature it will bend any way possible, however, when returned to its normal temperature it will return to its normal shape and size. It can also be strained up to 1% to 6%. Because of these unique qualities Nitinol is used in many things such as, permanent implants, blood filters, and needles. It is more stable and less breakable than stainless steel, is more flexible than steel, and is more like the tissues in our bodies.
Source: http://www.nitisurgical.com/what_is_nitinol.htm
2. http://video.google.com/videosearch?source=ig&hl=en&rlz=1G1GGLQ_ENKR292&q=nitinol%20funtions&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#q=nitinol%20uses&hl=en&emb=0
3. If a stainless steel had 12% chromium it would most likely be a Martensitic. This is because if because Austenitic, Duplex, and Ferritic typically have more chromium than this.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel
4. The alloy that is a combination of nickel and tin is called pewter.
5. Two other alloys are brass and bronze. Brass is used in doorknobs and brass instruments. Brass doorknobs are especially useful because they disinfect any bacteria that were on them within the last 8 hours. Bronze is used in tools and weapons.
6. Some uses of sodium hydroxide include:
Neutralization of acidic materials
Used in creating the “gold pennies” experiment
Soap production
Washing or chemical peeling of fruits and vegetables
Clearing clogged drains
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide#Uses
7. Sodium hydroxide is extremely dangerous. It is very flammable. If it is contacted with moisture or water, it may be just enough to ignite it. When handling sodium hydroxide one must avoid water at all times. Just breathing it in can cause irritation of the respiratory tract or even permanent lung injury. If it has any contact with skin it can cause severe burns, deep cuts, or permanent scars. In just a short amount of time it can cut through all layers of skin and even hair. Sodium hydroxide can also have harmful effects on the eyes. Depending on the concentration of the solution to it can be severe irritation and mild scarring to disintegration, ulceration, scarring, and blurring.
1. Nitinol is unique because it can recover 8% of its strain while a spring can only recover 0.4%. Nitinol also returns to its 'regular' shape and size when it is room temperature.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=rJXCpth5FgU
3. This type of stainless steel would be included in the family of Martensitic stainless steels. Martensitic stainless steels consist of 12% Cr, 0.12% C, and also iron.
4. Bronze is an alloy consisting of mainly copper and tin.
5. Brass: Used in many instruments, such as trombones, tubas, trumpets, baritones, and etc.
Stainless Steel: used in the construction of skyscrapers, cooking utensils, and cutlery.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, as a strong chemical base in pulp, paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps, detergents, and drain cleaners. It is also used in petroleum refining.
7. Sodium hydroxide can be lethal, and may even cause cancer if ingested. If it makes direct contact with your skin, it can cause drying, cracking, and inflammation of the skin, but if it is inhaled, it can create serious lung problems and diseases, and may be deathly. If ingested, it will cause severe pain; burning of the mouth, throat, and esophagus; vomiting; diarrhea; collapse; and possibly, death may result. If your eye is exposed to sodium hydroxide, since sodium hydroxide is extremely corrosive, it can penetrate into the eye, and damages range from severe irritation and scarring, to blistering, disintegration, ulceration, severe scarring and clouding. It can affect your vision greatly, so handle sodium hydroxide with extreme care.
1.Nickel Titanium also known as Nitinol. Nitinol is in the unique class of the shape memory alloys. This means that Nitinol has the ability to return to its previous shape when heated.
2.A link, on youtube, that can demonstrate how Nitinol is used:
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=FpH8cd_6rhs&NR=1
Another link that can show an example of how Nitinol is used is:
http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3.If stainless steel had 12% of chromium it would probably be considered Martensitic because the amount of chromium usually does not pass 18%.
4. The alloy that is the combination of Copper and Tin is called Bronze.
5.Two other commonly used alloys would be Alnico and Sterling Silver.
Alnico is mostly made up of aluminumm nickel, and cobalt. Alnico is used to make strong permanent magnets and alnico magnets are used in electric motors, microphones, and speakers.
Sterling Silver is an alloy made of mainly silver and copper. Sterling Silver can be used to make many kinds of jewelry such as bracelets, rings, necklaces, and pendants.
6. Five uses of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are:
-Paint Stripper
-Soap Production
-Paper Making
-Tissue Digestion
-Illegal Drugs
7.Even though Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is used a lot it can be very dangerous. Sodium Hydroxide causes chemical burns that results in scars and if you get some NaOH in your eyes you could become blinded. If you are exposed too much to Sodium Hydroxide it could cause lung injuries. Sodium Hydroxide is very dangerous and the injuries are irreversible. So follow the safety procedures and stay safe.
The Nitinol is unique because when it is cool it could be deformed but when it is warmed it turns back into a normal shape.
This is a video about Nitinol,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=7474975610947511933&postID=5060983680991724543&isPopup=true
Stainless steel would be classified in martensitic because 12% of chromium is in martnesitic.
A alloy that has a combination of copper and tin is bronze
Other two common used alloys are
1.brass which is an alloy of zinc and copper.
2.Also they use titanium and it's alloys to make golf clubs.
5 uses of sodium hydroxide:
1.Paper making
2.Gold pennies experiment
3.Soup production
4.Cleasing agent
5.Paint used on wooden objects
If you inhale too much sodium hydroxide it could damage your lungs, it is really severe and it could cause to death. Also if it touches your skin, it could burn your skin and it would be really painful.
THIS IS EUNA.
C.
1. Nitinol has a extremely unique feature. It is unique because after it is deformed and cold, when warmed, it goes back to its original shape.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4
3. If a stainless steel had 12% chromium, I would put it in the Martensitic category because it has 12-14 percent chromium in the stainless steel.
4. Bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. One common used alloy is steel, used for making buildings, poles, silverware,etc. The next common used alloy is brass, usually for instruments.
6. 5 uses of sodium hydroxide are soap production, paper making, cleansing agent, biodiesel, and paint stripper.
7. Some dangers of sodium hydroxide are severe burns when contact with skin and permanent scars. Sodium hydroxide can cause blindness if it is contacted with the eye. If sodium hydroxide is swallowed there is a possibility of fatal consequences.
::James::
1) Nitinol is unique because it is a shape memory alloy. A shape memory alloy is an alloy that remebers its shape, and can be returned to that shape after being bent, by applying heat to the alloy. Nitinol is also a superelastic. It can withstand a large amount of deformation and can return to its original shape.
2) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jjqXh7bB4&feature=related
3)A stainless stell with 12% chromium would belong to the Martensitic category. Martensite gives steel great hardness, but it also reduces its toughness and makes it brittle, so few steels are fully hardened.
4) An alloy that is a combination of copper and tin is bronze.
5) Two other common used alloys are brass and cast iron.
Brass is mostly used in plumbing and in water meters. Brass is also used in instruments, like the trumpet.
Cast iron is used in engine blocks, machine-tools, track wheels, and can be used in cook ware.
6) 5 uses of Sodium Hydroxide are:
1. Paper making
2. Soap production
3. Paint Stripper
4. Biodiesel
5. Food preparation
7) Some dangers of sodium hydroxide is:
1. When sodium hydroxide gets into your eyes it can cause irritaion, scarring, and blindness.
2. When sodium hydroxide solution comes into contact with your skin it can cause burns and leave permanent scarring.
3. If sodium hydroxide solution is swallowed you may feel alot of pain, your mouth, throat, and esophagus will burn, vomiting, diarrhea, you may collapse, and death can happen.
1. Nitinol is unique because it comes back to its original shape after it has been crushed when it is heated above certain temperature or dipped into water.
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmWWZKPDkv4
3. A stainless steel of 12% chromium will fit in Ferritic group because the term “Ferritic Steel” usually applies to a group of stainless steels with 12- 18% chromium.
4. Bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Two common alloys are dduralumin, an aluminum alloy which are commonly used by the aircraft industry, and German silver, which is a copper alloy that is used for electroplating so that things look decorative.
6. Five uses of sodium hydroxide are chemical manufacturing, pulp and paper manufacturing, in petroleum and natural gas industry, manufacture of soap and detergents and other cleaning products, and cotton mercerizing and scouring.
7. Sodium hydroxide causes burns when it gets onto your skin, eyes, or somehow into your digestive system (mouth, stomach, etc). Also, long time exposure to NaOH can cause disease.
by Chiyo M
1. If a piece of nitinol is bent, it will return to its original shape when heated.
2. http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=qf1b-UrAPaI
3. If stainless steel contains 12% chromium then it is Martensitic, because this category contains 12-14% chromium.
4. Bell bronze is made from 20% tin and 80% copper.
5. Stainless Steel is used in sculptures, building facades, and building structures. Brass can be used to plate other metals, to make doorknobs and handles, and as a decorative metal.
6.Sodium Hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap; water treatment; food processing; in paint remover; and in metal degreasing.
7. Sodium Hydroxide can cause really bad burns if it comes in contact with the skin. If Sodium Hydroxide is inhaled, it can cause severe lung problems.
Nien-hsiu Suen A period
1. Nitinol is unique because it is hard to make and material are hard to find.
2. This is the where it decribes what is nitinol and how nitinol being used. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=mqBq_hQXj_o
3. I think martensitic would be a stainless steel if it had 12% chromium because i searched the internet (below) which came out martensitic contains 12~14% chromium, ferritic contains 10.5~27% of chromium, Austenitic contains 16% chromiun, and Duplex contains 19~28% chromium.
Figure: "Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion-resistant as the other two classes but are extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machineable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium (12-14%), molybdenum (0.2-1%), nickel (0-<2%), and carbon (about 0.1-1%) (giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and magnetic. " (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel#Types_of_stainless_steel )
4. The combination of copper and tin is CuSn.
5. Co2: it uses for fire
extomguisher.
NaCl: it uses for table salt.
6. 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
- Food washing or chemical
peeling of fruits and vegetable.
- Chemical analysis.
- Gold pennies experiment with zinc.
- Illegal drugs. For example,
methamphetamine,
dimethyltryptamine, and others.
- Paper making.
7. Dangers of sodium hydroxide.
INHALATION: Burning sensation,
cough, or laboured
breathing.
SKIN: Redness, serious skin
burns, or pain.
EYES: Redness, pain, or blurred
vision, severe deep burns,
blind.
INGESTION: Abdominal pain,
burning sensation, or
collapse.
Nien-hsiu Suen A period
1. Nitinol is unique because it is hard to make and material are hard to find.
2. This is the where it decribes what is nitinol and how nitinol being used. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=mqBq_hQXj_o
3. I think martensitic would be a stainless steel if it had 12% chromium because i searched the internet (below) which came out martensitic contains 12~14% chromium, ferritic contains 10.5~27% of chromium, Austenitic contains 16% chromiun, and Duplex contains 19~28% chromium.
Figure: "Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion-resistant as the other two classes but are extremely strong and tough, as well as highly machineable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium (12-14%), molybdenum (0.2-1%), nickel (0-<2%), and carbon (about 0.1-1%) (giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and magnetic. " (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel#Types_of_stainless_steel )
4. The combination of copper and tin is CuSn.
5. Co2: it uses for fire
extomguisher.
NaCl: it uses for table salt.
6. 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
- Food washing or chemical
peeling of fruits and vegetable.
- Chemical analysis.
- Gold pennies experiment with zinc.
- Illegal drugs. For example,
methamphetamine,
dimethyltryptamine, and others.
- Paper making.
7. Dangers of sodium hydroxide.
INHALATION: Burning sensation,
cough, or laboured
breathing.
SKIN: Redness, serious skin
burns, or pain.
EYES: Redness, pain, or blurred
vision, severe deep burns,
blind.
INGESTION: Abdominal pain,
burning sensation, or
collapse.
1. Nitinol is unique because it is a shape memory alloy. It can return to its original shape when heated, because it undergoes a change even when it has already been deformed.
2. http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. A stainless steel with 12% chromium would be in the Martensitic category. I know this because each of categories have specific amounts of different elements, and martensitic has this amount of chromium.
4. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
5. Two other commonly used alloys are brass and sterling silver. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, and is used for musical instruments, ornaments, or utensils. Sterling silver is made of silver and copper, and is mainly found in jewelry and cutlery.
6. Sodium hydroxide is used in the chemical, pulp and paper, textiles, and soap industries. It is also used in drinking water.
7. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is a very dangerous substance because it can cause permanent effects on the body. Inhalation of NaOH can occur in lung irration and injury. Also, contact with the skin or eyes may cause severe burns with permanent scarring, irritation, and possibly permanent blindness. Ingestion of Sodium Hydroxide can result in severe pain, vomiting or diarrhea, buring of the mouth and throat, or even cancer. Long term exposure to this substance can cause irritation or inflammation of the skin.
Michelle K. D period science
1. The alloy Nitinol is very unique because the shape of the alloy changes as the temperature changes.
2.http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1040775/muscle_wire_nitinol/
3. Stainless steel is classified as martensitic if it had 12% chromium, because it has a very thin layer of chromium that protects it from water and air, this makes the metal underneath the layer safe and non-rusting.
4.Bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
5. Brass and steel are two commonly used alloys. Brass is used for making instruments like trumpets, trombones, and tubas. Steel is used in the construction of various structures such as buildings, railroads, bridges, and stadiums.
6. Sodium hydroxide can be used as cleaners (soap), paint strippers, paper makers, and it is used in some food preparations and tissue digestions.
7. Sodium Hydroxide is dangerous to ones health because it can cause lung injuries if inhaled, burns and scars when contacting skin, and can cause blindness if it contacts the eyes. These injuries are made possible because sodium hydroxide is very corrosive, meaning"to eat or wear away gradually as if by gnawing, esp. by chemical action. " (Definition from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/corrode)
1) Nitinol is very unique due to its strong titanium oxide surface, which makes it abrasive to machinery.
2) http://fr.youtube.com/watch?v=proQVrJMPvk&feature=related
3) ?
4)Bronzes
5) –Steel: useful to create tools and other resistant materials
-Brass: can be used to create instruments
-Duraluminium: used for aircraft structures.
6) –Paper making
-Gold penny experiments (mostly done for school projects)
-Biodiesel
-Food preparation
-Illegal drugs
7) Sodium Hydroxide can cause mild rashes and irritations, lung injuries if inhaled. Its acidic effect can also cause severe burns to skin if it comes in contact with it, eye damage and possibly death if swallowed.
1. There is an alloy called "Nitinol", which is very unique. Describe why this alloy is unique.
Before I answer, this alloy is the coolest alloy!!!
Ok
Nitinol is a unique alloy because nitinol wire can form back to its original shape even after crumpling it up. For example, lets say that the start shape of nitinol was a heart. Then you crumple it up. Then after you put it in hot water, it starts to reshape itself into a heart. So it is a shape memory alloy.
2. Find a video online that demonstrates "Nitinol" being used. List the url (http://) address of the video.
(http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=ALE5nKN7ZhI&feature=related)
This website is really weird but at least you can tell that you can make bracelets with nitinol.
3. Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon. Stainless steel can be classified into one of four different categories; Martensitic, Ferritic, Austenitic, or Duplex. Which category would a stainless steel be if it had 12% chromium? How do you know?
MA: According to the site (http://www.gopalgroup.com/bottom_about_2.asp) it says that Martensitic Stainless Steels contain 11% to 18% chromium. Also, Ferritic Stainless Steels contain 11% to 30%. So I wondered which category this stainless steel in the problem will fit onto. So I researched again. I found another site. (http://steel.keytometals.com/default.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&NM=100&LN=KO) In this website, it explained that Martensitic stainless steels contain iron. And in the question it said "Stainless steel is a very common alloy, containing iron and chromium, as well as carbon." So this Steel contains iron. So I thought this type of steel will fit into Martensitic stainless steel the best then the other categories.
4. What alloy is a combination of COPPER and TIN?
MA: Combination of copper and tin is bronze. (I learned that from a game:])
5. What are the names of TWO other commo used alloys, and what are their uses?
MA: One alloy is gold (18K, 14K, 12K, 10K. 24K isn't an alloy because it is pure gold.) Some uses of these gold alloys are jewelry. People like gold jewelry because it is shiny and beautiful.
Another alloy is sterling silver. Is is 92.5% silver and the rest is other metal like copper. Some uses are making tableware.
6. List 5 uses of sodium hydroxide.
There are many uses of sodium hydroxide. Some of the uses are in soaps, paper, drain cleaners, oven cleaners, and rayon.
7. Describe in your OWN words, some of the dangers of sodium hydroxide.
MA: There are many dangers of sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive, which means that it has a tendency to destroy something slowly by chemical actions. The sodium hydroxide causes irritation in lungs. For example, it can causes permanent lung injury, difficulty of breathing, and even a possibility of death. If the sodium hydroxide comes in contact with a skin, the solution can dig deep into the skin and cause pain and scars. It can go deeper into the skin until it is removed. For example, a small amount of sodium hydroxide was accidentally poured on someone's head. That person's hair dissolved and caused scalp burns really fast. If the sodium hydroxide solutions get into the human eyes, it can cause from severe irritation to permanent blindness. If the sodium hydroxide is swallowed, many parts of the body that touched the solution will get burned and may possibly result in death. Studies have shown that sodium hydroxide can cause cancer. The cancer takes 12 to 42 years after the incident. These are the dangers of sodium hydroxide.
1. Nitinol is an unique alloy. because, it is superelastic. Superlatistic means that nitinol is able to return to its original shape, after something was on it.
2. http://kr.youtube.com/watch?v=k20J4NDgAYk&feature=related
3. It is definitely not Austenitic and Duplex, because they both require a minimum 15% of Chromium and the other 2 not.
4. Bronze
5. Brass and Steel, for example. Brass is used to make brass instruments such as Tuba, Tombone, etc. and steel is used for buildings.
6. a. drain cleaner
b. oven cleaner
c. production of rayon
d. production of soap
e. production of paper
7. It is able to cause death, if you eat it. Sodium Hydroxide can make you blind, too.
Robin G.
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